Vikramaditya

Vikramaditya is an Indian epithet meaning "sun of valor" that is attached to several kings in ancient and medieval literature. It appears in both historical accounts and legendary tales, leading to a blend of fact and folklore. The name is commonly linked with a Gupta-era ruler and with a legendary sovereign of Ujjain, among others, and has become a cultural symbol of courage and wise kingship.

Historical Vikramaditya: The Gupta emperor Chandragupta II (roughly 375–415 CE) is widely associated with the title Vikramaditya in later Sanskrit literature and court poetry. While contemporary inscriptions describe him as an emperor of the Gupta dynasty without using the name Vikramaditya, later authors celebrated him as an emblem of valor and patronage, shaping the modern ideal of the king Vikramaditya.

Legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain: In folklore, Vikramaditya is the legendary king of Ujjain who defeats foes and upholds justice. He is best known from the Vikram and Betal (Vetala) tales, a frame narrative in which the king answers moral questions put by a ghost. The tradition also lists a prestigious court of scholars—often called the navaratnas—though lists vary across texts.

Legacy: The name Vikramaditya endures as a symbol of valor and enlightened kingship in literature, drama, and calendars. The Vikram Samvat era, a Hindu calendar used in parts of India, is traditionally linked to his supposed victory over the Shakas, though historical attribution of this origin remains uncertain.