Viitteissä

Viitteissä is a Finnish term referring to the parts of scholarly writing that indicate the sources used. The word is used in two related senses: as in-text citations embedded in the main text, and as the corresponding reference list (lähdeluettelo or viiteluettelo) at the end of the work. The concept also covers rules for formatting and presenting these citations to enable readers to locate sources.

In practice, viitteet appear in the body of the text, typically including the author's name and the year of publication; page numbers may be included for direct quotes or specific ideas. The full bibliographic information for each source is provided in the references section, with details such as author(s), title, year, publication venue, publisher, and identifiers like DOI or URL. Finnish guidelines stress consistency, accuracy, and traceability; readers should be able to retrieve each cited work.

Common styles used in Finnish academic writing include APA, Harvard, Vancouver (numeric), and Chicago, among others. Institutions may adopt house styles or translations of international standards, and the chosen style dictates how in-text citations align with the reference list. When citing online sources, include stable identifiers and access dates if required by the chosen style.

In summary, viitteissä encompasses both the in-text citations and the reference list that document sources, ensuring scholarly transparency and enabling verification of information.