Viitatuista

Viitatuista is a Finnish grammatical form used to describe items that have been cited or referenced in a text. It is the elative plural form of the past passive participle viitattu, meaning “cited” or “referred to.” In practice, viitatuista appears in noun phrases to indicate that the referenced material originates from previously cited sources.

In academic writing, viitatuista helps writers refer to material without restating full bibliographic details each time. It signals that the information comes from sources already mentioned or listed in the references. The form often accompanies plural nouns such as sources, studies, or findings, for example: viitatuista lähteistä (from the cited sources) and viitatuista tutkimuksista (from the cited studies).

Formation and usage notes: viitatuista is formed from the past participle viitattu with the elative plural ending -ista/-istä. This allows the writer to connect a statement to a set of previously cited items within the same sentence or paragraph. Other inflected forms of the same participle may appear to match different cases and numbers, but viitatuista specifically indicates “from the cited (plural).”

Limitations and considerations: because viitatuista relies on prior context of what has been cited, its meaning depends on the surrounding text. It is most common in scholarly or technical Finnish where precise sourcing is important and where readers expect succinct references to existing material.

See also: citation, references, Finnish grammar, participles.