Vibratsioonide

Vibratsioonide is the Estonian term for vibrations, referring to periodic oscillations of a physical quantity around an equilibrium. They occur in solids, liquids and gases, as well as in electrical systems, and are encountered across physics, engineering, geology and biology. Vibrations can transfer energy, excite sound, cause wear, and influence the behavior and safety of structures and machines.

In physics a common model is the harmonic oscillator. Undamped free vibration is described by x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ). Real systems exhibit damping and sometimes external forcing. With damping, amplitudes decay over time; under a periodic external force a system may resonate when the forcing frequency approaches its natural frequency, producing large responses. Key parameters include amplitude, frequency, phase, and the damping ratio ζ.

Vibration measurement uses accelerometers, laser vibrometers and seismometers. Analysis often converts time-domain signals to the frequency domain via Fourier transforms to identify dominant frequencies, resonance, and damping. This information supports design optimization, condition monitoring and preventive maintenance.

Applications range from musical instruments and engines to buildings and bridges, where vibration control improves comfort and safety. Mitigation methods include isolation, damping, tuned mass dampers and structural redesign.