Vezetésblokkolás

Vezetésblokkolás, also known as conduction block or atrioventricular block, is a condition where the electrical signals that control the heart's rhythm are disrupted as they travel from the atria to the ventricles. This disruption causes a delay or complete interruption in the transmission of these impulses, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.

There are different degrees of vezetésblokkolás. First-degree block is characterized by a prolonged delay in the electrical signal, but all impulses still reach the ventricles. Second-degree block involves some impulses failing to reach the ventricles, leading to skipped beats. This can be further categorized into Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) and Mobitz type II. Mobitz type I typically involves a progressive lengthening of the PR interval before a dropped beat, while Mobitz type II has consistent PR intervals before a dropped beat. Third-degree block, also known as complete heart block, occurs when no electrical impulses from the atria reach the ventricles. In this severe form, the ventricles generate their own slow, independent rhythm, which is often insufficient to maintain adequate blood circulation.

Causes of vezetésblokkolás can include aging, heart disease such as coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction, certain medications like beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers, electrolyte imbalances, and congenital heart defects. Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the block and can range from no noticeable effects to dizziness, fainting (syncope), shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Diagnosis is typically made through an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records the heart's electrical activity. Treatment depends on the type and cause of the block and may involve managing underlying conditions, adjusting medications, or, in severe cases, implantation of a pacemaker to regulate the heart rhythm.