Verflüssigung
Verflüssigung is a physicochemical process that involves transforming a substance from its gaseous or vapor state into a liquid state. This phase change, commonly referred to as liquefaction, occurs when a gas is cooled below its critical temperature or compressed to a sufficiently high pressure, causing the molecules to move closer together and transition into a liquid form. The process is utilized in various industrial and scientific applications, including cryogenics, natural gas processing, and the production of liquefied gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and natural gas.
In technical terms, verflüssigung involves overcoming the kinetic energy of gas particles, which is achieved by
The thermodynamics of verflüssigung are governed by principles related to phase equilibrium and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation,
Understanding verflüssigung is critical in fields like energy storage, where liquefied gases offer dense storage options,