Verenryhmäantigeenien

Verenryhmäantigeenit are substances found on the surface of red blood cells that determine an individual's blood type. These antigens are inherited from parents and play a crucial role in blood transfusions and tissue transplantation. The most well-known blood group system is the ABO system, which classifies blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. This classification is based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens. Another important blood group system is the Rh system, which is characterized by the presence or absence of the Rh factor (also known as the D antigen). Individuals with the Rh factor are Rh-positive, while those without it are Rh-negative. Combinations of ABO and Rh factors result in eight common blood types, such as A-positive, O-negative, and AB-positive. The immune system recognizes foreign antigens, and transfusing blood with incompatible antigens can lead to a severe immune reaction where the recipient's antibodies attack the transfused red blood cells. This phenomenon is called a transfusion reaction and can be life-threatening. Therefore, careful blood typing and cross-matching are essential before any transfusion. Beyond ABO and Rh, there are numerous other blood group systems, each with its own set of antigens, though they are generally less significant in routine transfusions. Understanding these antigens is fundamental in medical practice for safe and effective patient care.