Verdichtung

Verdichtung is a German term meaning densification or compression. It denotes processes that increase density or consolidate a structure, material, space, or system. The concept is used across disciplines such as physics, engineering, urban planning and information technology.

In physics and materials science, Verdichtung describes the reduction of volume and the resulting rise in density and pressure. This occurs in gases, liquids, and solids and can be isothermal or adiabatic. Applications include gas compression in engines and refrigerating systems, and compaction tests or processing in materials research.

In civil engineering and geotechnics, Verdichtung refers to soil or aggregate compaction. Mechanical work increases density, reduces porosity and permeability, and improves strength and bearing capacity. Common methods are rolling, vibration, and static pressing, with effects such as higher stiffness and reduced settlement potential.

In urban planning, Verdichtung denotes densification of the built environment. Approaches include infill development, redevelopment of underused sites, taller buildings or higher floor-area ratios, and transit-oriented development. Goals are more efficient land use, reduced urban sprawl, and improved accessibility; challenges include affordability, infrastructure capacity, and preserving neighborhood character.

In information technology, Verdichtung can refer to data compression, the reduction of data size for storage or transmission, typically called Datenverdichtung.