Vanadatecontaining

Vanadate-containing refers to chemical substances that include the vanadate moiety VO4^3− or related vanadium(V) oxyanions. They span simple salts to larger polyoxometalate clusters and polyvanadate species. In aqueous solution, vanadium(V) speciation depends on pH: orthovanadate VO4^3− is common at higher pH, while more acidic conditions favor metavanadate VO3− and other protonated forms that can interconvert with one another.

Common vanadate-containing compounds include salts such as sodium orthovanadate Na3VO4 and potassium orthovanadate K3VO4, as well as metavanadates like sodium metavanadate NaVO3 and ammonium metavanadate NH4VO3. In basic media, polyvanadate species, including decavanadate V10O28^6−, can form, and vanadate-containing heteropolymetalates (polyoxometalates) also exist and are studied for catalytic applications.

Applications span catalysis, materials science, and biology. Vanadates are used as industrial catalysts in oxidation processes (notably systems based on vanadium pentoxide), as reagents in inorganic synthesis, and as research tools because vanadate ions can act as phosphate mimics and inhibitors of phosphatases. In materials science, vanadate compounds contribute to electrochromic devices, ceramics, and energy-storage materials, including vanadium-containing oxides for batteries.

Safety and environmental considerations are important: many vanadate salts are toxic at elevated exposures and must be handled with appropriate precautions. Because speciation and solubility depend on pH and on the accompanying cations, careful handling and proper waste disposal are required.