Valgendaja

Valgendaja, or bleaching agent, is a chemical substance that removes color from materials or lightens their appearance. Bleaching occurs mainly through oxidation or reduction of color-bearing chromophores, producing colorless or lighter compounds. Bleaching agents are used in households and industries, including laundry, paper and textile production, wood pulp bleaching, and cosmetics.

Two main groups are chlorine-based bleaches (such as sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite) and oxygen-based bleaches (such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, and sodium perborate). Chlorine bleaches are strong oxidizers with disinfectant properties but can damage fabrics and release chlorine gas if mixed with acids. Oxygen bleaches are generally milder and better for colored fabrics; hydrogen peroxide can also be used for hair bleaching in cosmetics.

Safety and environment are important considerations. Many bleaches are corrosive and can irritate skin and eyes; never mix them with acids, ammonia, or other cleaners, and ensure adequate ventilation during use. Wastewater from bleaching can form chlorinated byproducts, so proper handling and disposal are essential. Storage should be in labeled, sealed containers, away from incompatible substances and heat.

This overview outlines common concepts and distinctions; specific products vary in chemistry, strength, and approved applications.