Võrguaprotokoll

Võrguaprotokoll, often translated as network protocol, is a set of rules and conventions that govern how devices communicate with each other over a network. These protocols define the format of data, the order of messages exchanged, and the actions taken upon receiving or sending specific messages. Without protocols, devices would be unable to understand each other, making network communication impossible.

Protocols operate at different layers of the network stack, such as the application layer, transport layer, and network layer. Each layer has its own set of protocols designed for specific functions. For instance, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol used for transferring web pages, while the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport layer protocol that ensures reliable data delivery. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network layer protocol responsible for addressing and routing data packets across networks.

Common examples of network protocols include TCP/IP, which forms the foundation of the internet, HTTP for web browsing, SMTP for sending emails, and FTP for file transfers. The widespread adoption and standardization of these protocols have enabled the interconnectedness of diverse devices and systems globally. Understanding network protocols is crucial for anyone involved in network design, administration, or troubleshooting, as they are fundamental to the functioning of any modern network.