Võlvide

Võlvide is a term of Estonian origin that generally refers to vaults or arches. In architecture, it specifically denotes the curved structures that form the roof or ceiling of a building, spanning an opening and supporting weight above. These can be found in a variety of historical and modern constructions, from ancient Roman aqueducts to Gothic cathedrals and contemporary bridges.

The construction of a võlv involves careful engineering to distribute weight outwards and downwards to supporting piers or walls. Different types of võlvide exist, each with unique characteristics and structural properties. Examples include the barrel vault, a simple semicircular arch extended along a length; the groin vault, formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults at a right angle; and the ribbed vault, a more complex structure where intersecting arches are reinforced with stone ribs.

The use of võlvide allowed for larger, more open interior spaces and greater structural stability compared to flat roofs. They are a significant element in the development of architectural styles throughout history, contributing to both aesthetic beauty and functional innovation. The term's application extends beyond mere structural elements, sometimes being used metaphorically to describe protective or encompassing coverings.