Utgangssum

Utgangssum, literally “outgoing sum” in Norwegian, is a term that appears in several Norwegian-language sources to denote the total amount that leaves a particular node, process, or system. It is not a standardized mathematical concept overall, and its exact interpretation varies by field.

In graph theory and network analysis, utgangssum typically refers to the sum of the weights of all outgoing edges from a node. If node i has outgoing edges to nodes j with weights wij, the utgangssum of i is the sum over all j of wij. This quantity is closely related to the weighted out-degree or to the notion of outflow from a node.

In other contexts, the term may describe the total quantity leaving a state or component per time unit, such as a flow or transfer in a dynamic model. In electronics or signal processing, utgangssum can denote the algebraic sum of signals at an output node, depending on the conventions used in a given text. In economics or finance, it may denote total outflows from an account or system over a specified period.

Calculation generally follows the idea of aggregating all outgoing contributions: sum over all units, edges, or channels that leave the node or system. An example: a node with two outgoing edges carrying 3 and 5 units respectively has an utgangssum of 8.

Etymology reflects Norwegian usage, with utgang meaning exit or outgoing and sum meaning total. See also out-degree, outflow, and related notions of inflow and net flow.