Utasforgalom

Utasforgalom, or "rail transport" in Hungarian, refers to the movement of passengers and goods via rail networks, a key component of Hungary’s transportation infrastructure. The system is operated primarily by the state-owned company Magyar Vasutak (MÁV), which manages both passenger and freight services across the country. Rail transport in Hungary plays a significant role in connecting major cities, including Budapest, Debrecen, Szeged, and Pécs, as well as providing international links to neighboring countries such as Austria, Slovakia, Romania, and Serbia.

The Hungarian rail network spans approximately 7,500 kilometers, though not all lines are electrified. Passenger services include regional trains (regionális vonatok), intercity trains (intercity vonatok), and high-speed services like the MÁV Start, which operates on the Budapest–Debrecen corridor. Freight transport is also significant, handling commodities such as coal, agricultural products, and manufactured goods. The system faces challenges related to aging infrastructure, competition from road transport, and the need for modernization to improve efficiency and sustainability.

Historically, Hungary’s rail network was developed in the 19th century, with the first railway line opening in 1846 between Pest and Vác. Over time, the network expanded to support industrialization and economic growth. Today, efforts are underway to enhance connectivity, reduce travel times, and integrate rail transport with other modes of transit, such as buses and trams, to create a more cohesive transportation ecosystem. The government has also promoted the use of rail as an environmentally friendly alternative to private vehicles, aligning with broader European sustainability goals.