Unifacialness

Unifacialness refers to a characteristic found in certain objects or structures where only one side or surface exhibits specific features, decoration, or functionality. This is in contrast to bifacial objects, which have similar or distinct characteristics on both sides.

In archaeology, unifacial tools are common. These are stone tools that have been flaked or worked on only one face of the original stone flake or core. Examples include scrapers, where the working edge is on one side, and the rest of the tool is used for hafting or grip. Other artifacts, such as certain types of projectile points or blades, can also be unifacial, though bifacial examples are more prevalent in many contexts. The distinction between unifacial and bifacial can be important for understanding tool manufacturing techniques, use-wear patterns, and cultural traditions.

Beyond stone tools, the concept of unifacialness can be applied to other artifacts. For instance, a shield might be considered unifacial if its decorative or functional elements are primarily on the exterior, facing outwards, while the interior is simpler or designed for holding. Similarly, a relief carving on a wall is unifacial because the sculpted detail is only present on one surface. The term highlights an asymmetry in design or fabrication, focusing attention on the prominent or intended side of an object.