Umweltverträglichkeitsrichtlinie

Umweltverträglichkeitsrichtlinie, in English the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (EIA Directive), is an EU framework that requires certain public and private projects likely to have significant environmental effects to undergo an environmental impact assessment before consent or authorization is granted. The directive aims to ensure that environmental considerations are integrated into the development consent process, promote transparency, and involve the public in decision-making.

Scope and triggers: The directive applies to projects listed in Annex II of the directive, which are selected by member states based on the project type, location, and potential effects; some projects in Annex I require a mandatory EIA. The assessment covers potential impacts on a range of environmental media, including air and climate, water, soil and geology, biodiversity, landscape and cultural heritage, as well as materials and human health. It also requires consideration of alternatives and mitigation measures.

Process: If a project falls within the scope, the developer prepares an environmental impact assessment report, typically accompanied by a non-technical summary. The competent authority conducts screening and scoping, ensures public participation, and may require consultations with authorities and affected parties, as well as additional studies. The final consent decision must be informed by the EIA and the proposed mitigation measures, with conditions for monitoring and follow-up during implementation.

Public participation and cross-border effects: The directive mandates access to information and a public consultation period, allowing comments from the public and interested parties. It also requires notification and consultation with other EU member states when a project may have significant cross-border environmental effects. Transposed into national law by each member state, the UVR is implemented through national provisions that may adapt or specify procedural details.