UGT2B15

UGT2B15 is a human gene encoding an enzyme in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family, specifically one of the UGT2B subfamily members. The encoded protein catalyzes the glucuronidation of a range of substrates, a key phase II metabolism reaction that attaches glucuronic acid to substances to increase their solubility and promote excretion. Substrates include endogenous steroids, such as androgens like testosterone, as well as various xenobiotics and drugs.

In humans, UGT2B15 expression is highest in the liver but is also detected in other tissues, including kidney and certain reproductive tissues. The gene is located in the UGT2B gene cluster on chromosome 4, a region that contains several related glucuronosyltransferases.

Genetic variation in UGT2B15 can affect enzyme activity. The most studied coding variant is D85Y, referred to as UGT2B15*2, which has been associated with altered glucuronidation of testosterone and related steroids; carriers may show reduced activity compared with individuals carrying the wild-type allele. Other variants have been described, but their functional effects are less well defined.

Clinical and pharmacogenomic relevance of UGT2B15 lies in its influence on the pharmacokinetics of glucuronidated substrates. Variation in enzymatic activity can impact urinary hormone excretion patterns and potentially affect the disposition of certain drugs and hormone-related phenotypes. Ongoing research continues to clarify the extent of its role in disease risk and drug response, as well as how its expression is regulated by hormonal and environmental factors.