Térdízületi

Térdízületi refers to the knee joint in Hungarian. It is a complex hinge joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shinbone), with the patella (kneecap) acting as a protective shield. This articulation is crucial for locomotion, enabling bending, straightening, and some degree of rotation of the leg.

The knee joint is composed of several key structures. The articular surfaces of the femur and tibia are covered with smooth hyaline cartilage, which reduces friction and absorbs shock during movement. Between the tibia and femur are two C-shaped menisci, made of fibrocartilage, which further enhance stability and shock absorption. Ligaments, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments within the joint and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments on the sides, provide significant stability, preventing excessive forward, backward, and sideways motion. The joint capsule, a fibrous sac, encloses the entire joint and is lined by a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid, lubricating the joint.

Problems with the térdízületi can arise from various causes, including injuries, degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and often imaging techniques like X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound. Treatment strategies vary depending on the specific condition and can range from conservative measures like rest, ice, physical therapy, and pain medication to surgical interventions such as arthroscopy or joint replacement.