Tâf

Tüf is a rock formed from volcanic ash. This ash, ejected during volcanic eruptions, settles and compacts over time to create a solid rock layer. The composition of tüf varies depending on the minerals present in the ash, but it commonly includes fragments of volcanic glass, minerals like feldspar and quartz, and rock pieces. The color of tüf can range from white and gray to brown and red, influenced by the minerals and the degree of oxidation.

The texture of tüf is typically fine-grained, although larger fragments can sometimes be visible. Its porosity can vary significantly, affecting its density and strength. This variation in properties means tüf can be relatively lightweight or quite dense. Tüf is often found in areas with a history of volcanic activity, forming extensive deposits around ancient calderas and along volcanic mountain ranges.

Due to its relatively soft nature compared to many other rocks, tüf is easily carved and shaped. This characteristic has made it a popular building material throughout history in regions where it is abundant. Ancient structures, sculptures, and even entire cities have been carved from tüf deposits, demonstrating its workability. Examples can be found in various parts of the world, particularly in Italy, Turkey, and parts of the United States. Its widespread presence and ease of excavation have contributed to its historical significance as a construction material.