Typpihävikki

Typpihävikki refers to the loss of nitrogen from an agricultural system, typically soil, into the atmosphere or water bodies. This loss can occur through several processes. Denitrification is a major pathway where soil microorganisms convert nitrates into nitrogen gases, such as nitrogen (N2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitric oxide (NO), which then escape into the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas, making denitrification a significant environmental concern. Another process is ammonia volatilization, where nitrogen in the form of ammonia (NH3) is released from the soil surface, particularly from urea-based fertilizers or animal manure. Leaching is another form of nitrogen loss, where nitrates dissolve in water and are transported downwards through the soil profile, potentially contaminating groundwater. Surface runoff can also carry nitrogen compounds into nearby water bodies, contributing to eutrophication. Understanding and minimizing typpihävikki is crucial for efficient fertilizer use, environmental protection, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture. Various management practices, such as optimizing fertilizer application timing and rates, using nitrification inhibitors, improving soil health, and implementing controlled drainage systems, can help mitigate these nitrogen losses.