Tyhjiöhaidutus

Tyhjiöhaidutus is a Finnish term that translates to "vacuum evaporation" or "vacuum vaporization" in English. It refers to a process where a substance is heated in a vacuum to turn it into a gas or vapor, and then this vapor is allowed to condense back into a solid or liquid form. This technique is commonly employed in various industrial and scientific applications where it is crucial to avoid contamination from atmospheric gases or to work with substances that would degrade or react at higher temperatures under normal pressure.

The principle behind vacuum evaporation relies on the fact that the boiling point of a liquid decreases as the surrounding pressure decreases. By creating a vacuum, the substance can be vaporized at a significantly lower temperature than its atmospheric boiling point. This is particularly useful for materials that are heat-sensitive. Once vaporized, the substance travels in a straight line within the vacuum chamber until it encounters a cooler surface, where it condenses. This condensation process can be controlled to form thin films, powders, or other desired structures.

Applications of tyhjiöhaidutus include the deposition of thin films in the electronics industry for creating microchips and optical coatings, the purification of materials by separating them from less volatile impurities, and the production of high-purity metals and chemicals. In scientific research, it is used for sample preparation, material synthesis, and in various analytical techniques. The controlled environment of the vacuum chamber ensures that the process is free from unwanted chemical reactions and allows for precise control over the deposition rate and film thickness.