Turnovers

Turnover is a term used for several distinct concepts in business, sports, and cuisine. In many contexts it denotes the rate at which something is replaced or the total revenue generated in a period. It is also the name of a type of pastry.

In business and accounting, turnover commonly refers to revenue, especially in British usage; US readers may use revenue or sales instead of turnover. Inventory turnover measures how quickly inventory is sold and replaced, calculated as cost of goods sold divided by average inventory. Employee turnover refers to the rate at which staff leave an organization, typically expressed as a percentage of employees over a period. Asset turnover measures how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate sales (net sales divided by average total assets).

In sports, a turnover is a change of possession due to a defensive steal, a fumble, an interception, or a rule violation. It is used as a statistic to reflect a team's or player's ball-handling efficiency. The specific rules and how turnovers are recorded vary by sport; basketball and American football have distinct definitions.

In cooking, a turnover is a pastry made by placing a filling on dough, folding it over and sealing the edges, and baking or frying. Common fillings include fruit, custard, or savory mixtures; apple and cherry are traditional examples.