Tsüaniidi

Tsüaniidi is a chemical compound with the formula CN. It is an anion that is composed of a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom, triple-bonded to each other. The carbon atom carries a formal charge of -1, making the overall charge of the ion -1. The cyanide ion is a highly toxic substance and a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration. It is found naturally in some plants, bacteria, and insects, and is also produced industrially for various applications, including mining, electroplating, and the production of plastics and dyes.

The cyanide ion is a linear molecule with a bond length of 118 pm and a bond energy of 891 kJ/mol. It is a weak base and can react with acids to form hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a volatile and highly poisonous gas. The cyanide ion is also a good nucleophile and can readily react with electrophilic centers.

In biological systems, cyanide ions bind to the ferric iron in cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme involved in the electron transport chain. This binding inhibits the enzyme's activity, leading to a disruption of cellular respiration and oxygen utilization. Symptoms of cyanide poisoning can include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, and in severe cases, convulsions, coma, and death.

Despite its toxicity, cyanide has several important industrial uses. It is used in gold and silver mining to extract these precious metals from ore. It is also used in electroplating to deposit thin layers of metals onto surfaces. Furthermore, cyanide compounds are used in the production of various organic chemicals, including plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.