Tsarstvo
Tsarstvo refers to the period in Russian history when the country was ruled by a Tsar, a title historically translated as Emperor. This era began with the proclamation of Ivan IV as the first Tsar of All Rus' in 1547 and continued until the Russian Revolution in 1917. The title of Tsar was adopted from the Byzantine Empire and signified a monarch with absolute power, often with divine right.
The Tsarist period saw significant territorial expansion, cultural development, and social stratification. Early Tsars consolidated power,
The Tsarist autocracy faced increasing challenges in the 19th and early 20th centuries due to industrialization,