Trombosytit

Trombosytit, commonly known as platelets, are small, irregular-shaped blood cells produced in the bone marrow. They play a crucial role in hemostasis, the process of stopping bleeding. When a blood vessel is injured, platelets are activated and aggregate at the site of injury, forming a plug that helps to seal the wound. They also release various substances that promote blood clotting.

The normal platelet count in adults ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. A low platelet count, known as thrombocytopenia, can increase the risk of bleeding. Conversely, a high platelet count, called thrombocytosis, can lead to an increased risk of blood clots.

Thrombocytopenia can be caused by various factors, including autoimmune diseases, infections, certain medications, and bone marrow disorders. Symptoms of thrombocytopenia can range from easy bruising and prolonged bleeding from cuts to more severe internal bleeding.

Thrombocytosis can be primary, meaning it originates in the bone marrow, or secondary, resulting from other conditions such as inflammation, infection, or certain types of cancer. Symptoms of thrombocytosis may include headaches, dizziness, chest pain, or a stroke.

Diagnosis of platelet disorders typically involves a blood test to measure the platelet count. Further investigations may be necessary to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific condition and may involve addressing the underlying cause, medications to increase platelet production, or in severe cases, platelet transfusions.