Trombomodulin

Trombomodulin is a transmembrane glycoprotein found on the surface of endothelial cells, which line the interior of blood vessels. It plays a crucial role in regulating the coagulation system, the body's natural process of blood clotting. Its primary function is to bind to thrombin, a key enzyme in the coagulation cascade. When trombomodulin binds thrombin, it significantly alters thrombin's activity. Instead of promoting further clot formation, the trombomodulin-thrombin complex activates a protein called Protein C. Activated Protein C, along with its cofactor Protein S, then acts as an anticoagulant by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa, which are essential for thrombin generation. This mechanism helps to prevent excessive blood clotting and maintain blood fluidity. Trombomodulin also has other functions, including signaling pathways related to inflammation and cell survival. Genetic mutations in the trombomodulin gene can be associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events.