Triumeq

Triumeq is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. It combines three active components in a single tablet: abacavir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir. The product is marketed by ViiV Healthcare. Triumeq is intended as part of combination antiretroviral therapy and is approved for adults and for certain pediatric patients weighing at least 40 kilograms, to be taken once daily with or without food.

The three drugs in Triumeq have different mechanisms of action. Abacavir and lamivudine are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) that block viral DNA synthesis, while dolutegravir is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) that prevents integration of viral DNA into the host genome. The fixed-dose tablet provides a convenient single-pill regimen intended to improve adherence.

Indications and dosing guidelines typically include: use in adults and certain pediatric patients as part of a first-line or suppression regimen, with the standard dose being one tablet once daily. Baseline testing for HLA-B*57:01 is recommended before starting abacavir-containing therapy due to the risk of hypersensitivity reaction. Additional monitoring includes liver and kidney function and assessment for signs of treatment failure or adverse effects.

Safety considerations include the risk of hypersensitivity reactions associated with abacavir, which require immediate discontinuation if suspected. Other potential adverse effects are common nonspecific symptoms such as nausea, headache, fatigue, and insomnia. Triumeq may cause lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis in rare cases, and there are warnings related to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Pregnancy and breastfeeding require careful evaluation, as dolutegravir has been associated with concerns about neural tube defects at conception in some studies.

As with all antiretrovirals, Triumeq should be used under medical supervision, with attention to potential drug interactions and adherence to prescribed guidelines.