Trikuspidalisinsufficiens

Trikuspidalisinsufficiens, also known as tricuspid regurgitation, is a heart valve disorder where the tricuspid valve, located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, does not close properly. This allows blood to leak backward from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular contraction, a condition known as regurgitation.

The tricuspid valve consists of three leaflets that normally coapt or seal together to prevent backflow. When this valve is insufficient, the leaflets may be damaged, thickened, or the supporting structures may be stretched, leading to incomplete closure. Causes can range from congenital defects and rheumatic heart disease to infections like endocarditis, trauma, or as a consequence of other heart conditions, particularly those affecting the left side of the heart or the pulmonary artery.

Mild tricuspid regurgitation is often asymptomatic and may not require treatment. However, significant regurgitation can lead to an increased workload on the right atrium and ventricle, potentially causing their enlargement. Symptoms, if present, can include fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling in the legs and abdomen (edema), and a pulsating sensation in the neck.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening for a heart murmur, and is confirmed with echocardiography, which visualizes the heart's structure and function. Other imaging techniques may also be used. Treatment depends on the severity of the regurgitation and the presence of symptoms. For mild cases, monitoring may be sufficient. For more severe cases, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms and reduce fluid retention. In advanced stages, surgical repair or replacement of the tricuspid valve may be necessary.