Triarylfoszfátok

Triarylfoszfátok are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general formula (ArO)3P=O, where Ar represents an aryl group. These compounds are esters of phosphoric acid in which all three hydroxyl groups have been replaced by aryloxy groups. The most common triarylfoszfátok include triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and tricresyl phosphate (TCP).

Triarylfoszfátok are typically synthesized by the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with phenols or cresols. They are often used as plasticizers, flame retardants, and hydraulic fluids. Their fire-retardant properties stem from the release of phosphorus-containing species that interfere with the combustion process in the gas phase. As plasticizers, they are added to polymers to increase their flexibility and workability.

Triphenyl phosphate is a colorless crystalline solid that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Tricresyl phosphate is a viscous liquid that exists as a mixture of isomers due to the different possible positions of the methyl group on the phenyl ring. Both compounds have been used in a wide range of applications, including in the production of plastics, resins, textiles, and coatings.

However, concerns have been raised regarding the environmental persistence and potential toxicity of some triarylfoszfátok. Studies have indicated that certain members of this class can accumulate in the environment and may have adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health. Consequently, regulatory bodies in various regions have placed restrictions on the use of specific triarylfoszfátok, leading to a search for alternative compounds with more favorable environmental and toxicological profiles.