Transports

Transport refers to the movement of people and goods from one location to another using vehicles and networks. It includes a range of modes and infrastructure that connect regions, cities, and households. Transport systems support economic activity, access to services, and social interaction, while also influencing land use, energy consumption, and environmental outcomes.

Major modes include road transport (cars, buses, trucks), rail transport (passenger and freight trains), maritime transport (ships and ferries), and air transport (aircraft). Non-motorized modes such as walking or cycling are common in urban areas and are often promoted to improve health and reduce congestion. In addition, pipelines move liquids and gases over long distances.

Transport infrastructure comprises roads, bridges, and tunnels; railways and stations; ports and terminals; airports; logistics centers; and information and signaling systems. Operations are organized by public agencies, private companies, and public-private partnerships, with planning, maintenance, safety, and regulatory oversight guiding service provision.

Environmental concerns drive policy toward efficiency and decarbonization, including electrification, modal shifts to rail or maritime, clean fuels, and urban planning that reduces travel demand. Digital technologies, such as intelligent transportation systems and mobility platforms, aim to improve safety, reliability, and user experience. The mix and performance of transport modes vary by region and urban form.