Transloatsioon

Transloatsioon is the biological process by which messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to create a specific protein. This fundamental process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, specifically on ribosomes. Ribosomes are complex molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis. The mRNA molecule carries the genetic code, transcribed from DNA, in the form of codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules act as adaptors, each carrying a specific amino acid and possessing an anticodon that is complementary to a particular mRNA codon. During translation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading each codon. For each codon, the corresponding tRNA binds, bringing its attached amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, forming a protein. This process continues until a stop codon is encountered on the mRNA, signaling the termination of translation and the release of the completed protein. The sequence of amino acids in the protein is determined by the sequence of codons in the mRNA, thus translating the genetic information into a functional protein.