Translatiivilauseessa

Translatiivilauseessa refer to a construction in Finnish grammar where the predicate expresses a change of state or turn into a new role, and the complement is in the translative case marked by -ksi (or -äksi/-äksi according to harmony). This case marks the result of a transformation or the new status that something becomes.

In practice, translatiivilauseessa is often built with verbs of becoming, such as tulla, muuttua, kehittyä, or ryhtyä, followed by a noun or adjective in translative form. Examples include Hän tuli opettajaksi (He became a teacher) and Kissa muuttui iloiseksi (The cat became happy). The translative emphasizes the completion or arrival at the new state, rather than a temporary role.

The translative contrasts with essive forms, which typically express a temporary or ongoing role (opettajana, as a teacher) rather than a change into that state. Thus, opettajaksi signals becoming a teacher, while opettajana signifies acting as a teacher in a given context.

Morphology and usage notes: the translative case is one of Finnish cases used to express transition. The suffix -ksi attaches to the word stem, often with slight phonological adjustments. The construction is common in descriptive and narrative Finnish when detailing changes, aspirations, or career shifts, and it can appear in both independent clauses and dependent clauses after certain verbs of becoming.

Overall, translatiivilauseessa describes a grammatical category of sentences centered on change of state, marked by the translative case in the predicative element.