Transduktiojärjestelmä

Transduktiojärjestelmä refers to a transduction system in biology, specifically concerning the process of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. In this process, bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect bacteria, act as vectors for transferring genetic material. When a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell, it replicates its own genetic material and, in some cases, can accidentally package fragments of the host bacterium's DNA into new phage particles. Upon release from the infected cell, these phages can then infect other bacteria. If a phage carrying bacterial DNA infects a new bacterium, it injects the foreign DNA along with its own viral genetic material. This transferred bacterial DNA can then be integrated into the recipient bacterium's genome, potentially conferring new traits or functions. Transduktionjärjestelmä can be generalized or specialized, depending on whether the transferred DNA is random chromosomal DNA or specific DNA sequences adjacent to the phage integration site. This mechanism plays a significant role in bacterial evolution and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.