Topologiai

Topologiai is a Hungarian adjective meaning “topological” and is used to describe concepts, objects, or properties related to topology, the branch of mathematics concerned with the qualitative aspects of space. In mathematics, topology studies properties of space that remain invariant under continuous deformations, such as stretching or bending, but not tearing or gluing. A central notion is the topology on a set, defined by a family of subsets called open sets that satisfy certain axioms; together they form a topological space. Topological ideas lead to notions of continuity, convergence, and limits that depend only on this abstract structure rather than on a specific metric. Two objects are topologically equivalent if there exists a homeomorphism between them, i.e., a continuous bijection with a continuous inverse.

In Hungarian mathematical literature, topologiai is used to classify properties or structures: topologiai tér (topological space), topologiai tulajdonságok (topological properties), topologiai map (topological map). The field has several subareas, including point-set topology, algebraic topology, differential topology, and geometric topology. Topology interacts with other areas of mathematics such as analysis, geometry, and mathematical physics, and has modern applications in data analysis (topological data analysis), network theory, and material science. See also topology.