Toluüüldiisotsüanaat

Toluüüldiisotsüanaat, often abbreviated as TDI, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C9H6N2O2. It is a colorless or pale yellow liquid with a sharp odor and is classified as an aromatic diisocyanate. TDI is a crucial intermediate in the production of polyurethane foams, which are widely used in furniture, bedding, automotive interiors, and insulation. It is also utilized in the manufacture of polyurethane coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers.

The production of TDI typically involves the reaction of toluene with phosgene. This process yields a mixture of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI isomers, with the 2,4-isomer usually being the more prevalent. The exact ratio of these isomers can influence the properties of the final polyurethane product. TDI is known for its high reactivity, particularly with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, such as alcohols and amines. This reactivity is fundamental to the polymerization process that forms polyurethanes.

Due to its reactive nature and potential health hazards, TDI requires careful handling and storage. Exposure to TDI vapor or liquid can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Prolonged or repeated exposure can lead to respiratory sensitization, resulting in asthma-like symptoms. Therefore, industrial settings where TDI is used must implement strict safety protocols, including adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment. Despite these risks, TDI remains an indispensable chemical in modern manufacturing, contributing to a vast array of consumer and industrial products.