Tollkirsche

Tollkirsche, scientifically known as Atropa belladonna, is a perennial herb of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) native to Europe, western Asia, and the northern Mediterranean region. It has since spread to other areas. The plant can reach up to about 1.5 meters in height and features large, broad leaves, pendent bell-shaped flowers that are typically purple or brownish, and glossy black berries that ripen from green to black. All parts of the plant are highly toxic.

Tollkirsche contains several tropane alkaloids, chiefly atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. These compounds act as anticholinergic agents, blocking muscarinic receptors in the nervous system. The resulting effects include dilated pupils, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat, blurred vision, confusion or delirium, flushed skin, urinary retention, and, in severe cases, seizures or coma. Poisoning can occur from ingestion of berries or plant material, and young children are particularly at risk. The lethal dose varies with age and sensitivity.

Historically, Tollkirsche has been used in medicine and folklore. In traditional and early modern medicine, extracts and isolated alkaloids from the plant were employed as sedatives, antispasmodics, and, in ophthalmology, as a mydriatic to enlarge the pupils. Due to its high toxicity, modern medical applications rely on carefully controlled preparations and standardized doses rather than whole-plant use. The plant is also associated with poison folklore and has been used as a poison in various legends.

Safety considerations are important: the plant should not be ingested, and handling should avoid skin contact with eyes or mucous membranes. If ingestion occurs, medical attention should be sought immediately.