Toisiovälittäjäaineiden
Toisiovälittäjäaineet, known in English as secondary messengers, are intracellular signaling molecules. They are released by cells in response to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or other extracellular signals. These molecules then amplify the signal by activating other intracellular molecules, leading to a cellular response. Unlike primary messengers (the initial signals), secondary messengers are found within the cell.
Key examples of secondary messengers include cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), inositol trisphosphate
The activation of secondary messengers typically involves a cascade of events. A primary messenger binds to