Titravimas

Titravimas, also known as volumetric analysis, is a common laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance (the analyte) by reacting it with a solution of known concentration (the titrant). The titrant is added gradually to the analyte until the reaction is complete, which is usually indicated by a color change or another physical property. The point at which the reaction is complete is called the equivalence point. In practice, a slightly different point, the endpoint, is observed, which is very close to the equivalence point.

There are several types of titrations, including acid-base titrations, redox titrations, precipitation titrations, and complexometric titrations, each relying on different chemical reactions. Acid-base titrations involve the reaction between an acid and a base, often using indicators that change color at specific pH values. Redox titrations involve electron transfer reactions. Precipitation titrations form an insoluble solid, and complexometric titrations form a soluble complex.

The process typically involves using a burette to accurately measure the volume of titrant added. The volume of titrant used, along with the known concentration of the titrant and the stoichiometry of the reaction, allows for the calculation of the analyte's concentration. Titration is a fundamental technique in analytical chemistry, essential for quality control, research, and education.