Tionüülkloriidi

Tionüülkloriidi, also known as thionyl chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula SOCl2. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a pungent odor. Tionüülkloriidi is highly reactive and is known for its use as a chlorinating agent. It reacts vigorously with water to produce sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas. This reaction is exothermic and can be quite hazardous if not controlled.

In organic chemistry, tionüülkloriidi is widely employed for the conversion of carboxylic acids into acyl chlorides. This reaction is important because acyl chlorides are more reactive intermediates and are used in various syntheses, such as esterifications and amidations. Tionüülkloriidi can also be used to convert alcohols into alkyl chlorides, although other reagents are often preferred for this transformation. The byproduct gases, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride, are typically scrubbed or neutralized to prevent their release into the atmosphere.

Tionüülkloriidi is also utilized in the production of certain pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Its corrosive nature and the hazardous byproducts of its reactions necessitate careful handling, storage, and use in well-ventilated areas with appropriate personal protective equipment. Due to its reactivity and the nature of its byproducts, it is not commonly found in consumer products.