ThoracicOutletSyndrom

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and your first rib, known as the thoracic outlet, become compressed. This compression can cause a variety of symptoms in the shoulder, arm, and hand. The exact cause of TOS can be difficult to pinpoint, but it is often related to physical trauma, repetitive injuries, or anatomical abnormalities. Trauma, such as a car accident, can cause changes in the rib cage that lead to compression. Repetitive activities, common in certain occupations or sports, can also contribute. In some individuals, an extra rib, known as a cervical rib, or other congenital variations can predispose them to TOS.

Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome vary depending on which structures are being compressed. If nerves are compressed, individuals may experience pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm and hand. This is often referred to as neurogenic TOS and is the most common form. If blood vessels are compressed, symptoms can include swelling, discoloration, and a feeling of heaviness or fatigue in the arm. This is known as vascular TOS and can be further divided into arterial and venous TOS. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and often imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI to identify the source of compression. Treatment strategies depend on the severity and cause of the syndrome and may include physical therapy to improve posture and strengthen muscles, pain medication, or in some cases, surgery to relieve the pressure on the nerves or blood vessels.