ThiobacillusAcidithiobacillusfélek

Thiobacillus is a genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that are known for their ability to oxidize inorganic sulfur compounds. These bacteria are found in a wide variety of environments, including soil, water, and sulfur-rich environments. They are chemoautotrophs, meaning they obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic chemicals and use carbon dioxide as their primary carbon source.

The most well-known species within this genus is Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which plays a significant role in the bioleaching of sulfide ores. This process involves the microbial oxidation of metal sulfides, releasing valuable metals like copper and gold. This metabolic capability makes Thiobacillus species important in both natural sulfur cycles and industrial applications.

Thiobacillus bacteria are obligate aerobes, requiring oxygen for respiration. Their metabolism involves the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), elemental sulfur (S), thiosulfate (S2O3^2-), and sulfite (SO3^2-). The energy derived from these oxidations is used to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules.

While the genus Thiobacillus was historically a broad classification, modern taxonomic studies have led to the reclassification of many species into new genera, such as Acidithiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, and Marinimicrobium, based on genetic and physiological differences. However, the term Thiobacillus is still often used colloquially to refer to this group of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, particularly in the context of their ecological and industrial significance. Their ability to thrive in acidic environments and their diverse metabolic capabilities continue to make them subjects of scientific interest.