Tetraciklinek

Tetraciklinek, in this context, refers to the class of antibiotics known as tetracyclines. This group comprises broad-spectrum agents used to treat a variety of bacterial infections and certain intracellular pathogens. They are typically bacteriostatic, inhibiting bacterial growth by preventing protein synthesis.

The mechanism of action involves binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, blocking the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA and thus hindering polypeptide formation. The spectrum covers many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as atypical organisms such as Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Rickettsia. Variants within the class include tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline; glycylcyclines like tigecycline are related but distinct.

Common clinical uses include treatment of acne, rosacea, respiratory tract infections, Lyme disease, chlamydial infections, and rickettsial diseases. They are also employed in certain tropical and intracellular infections and as alternatives when first-line agents are unsuitable. Doxycycline, in particular, is frequently used due to favorable oral bioavailability and tissue distribution.

Pharmacokinetics and administration vary among agents. Tetracyclines can form chelates with divalent cations, reducing absorption; some are sensitive to food, while others (notably doxycycline and minocycline) have better oral bioavailability. Metabolism and excretion differ by compound, influencing dosing and potential drug interactions.

Safety considerations include risks of tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia in developing teeth, photosensitivity, and esophageal irritation. They are generally avoided during pregnancy and in children under eight. Resistance mechanisms include efflux pumps and ribosomal protection proteins, underscoring the need for prudent use to maintain effectiveness.