Tertbutanol

tert-Butanol, also known as tert-butanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol, is an organic compound that functions as a tertiary alcohol. Its chemical formula is C4H10O, and its structure features a tertiary carbon bonded to three methyl groups and a hydroxyl group (CH3)3C–OH.

It is a colorless, flammable liquid that is miscible with water and with most organic solvents. It has a boiling point of about 82 °C and a flash point near room temperature, reflecting its flammability. Its density is roughly 0.79 g/cm3 at room temperature, and it has a characteristic alcohol odor.

Industrial production mainly proceeds by acid-catalyzed hydration of isobutene (2-methylpropene). An alternative route is the hydrolysis of tert-butyl halides. Tert-butanol can undergo dehydration under acidic conditions to yield isobutene, illustrating its role as both a reactor intermediate and a reversible participant in related processes.

Uses of tert-butanol include serving as a versatile solvent in paints, coatings, inks, cosmetics, and cleaning formulations. It is also employed as an important intermediate in organic synthesis, used in the preparation of tert-butyl esters and tert-butyl ethers, and as a reagent in the installation of tert-butyl protecting groups for carboxylic acids and other functionalities.

Safety and handling: tert-butanol is a flammable liquid. Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract and may produce dizziness or drowsiness if inhaled or ingested. It should be stored away from heat and oxidizers in a well-ventilated area, with appropriate personal protective equipment used during handling.