Termistöt

Termistöt is a Finnish term that translates to "thermoelectric generators." These devices are solid-state components that convert heat energy directly into electrical energy through the thermoelectric effect. Conversely, they can also convert electrical energy into a temperature difference, a process known as the Peltier effect, and are used as thermoelectric coolers.

The operation of a thermistöt relies on the Seebeck effect. When a temperature gradient is applied across a junction of two dissimilar semiconductor materials, a voltage is generated. This voltage can then drive an electric current. The efficiency of thermistöt is generally lower compared to conventional heat engines, but their advantages lie in their simplicity, reliability, and lack of moving parts. They are often used in applications where maintenance is difficult or where silent operation is required.

Common applications for thermistöt include waste heat recovery from industrial processes, automobiles, and even in space probes where solar power may not be feasible. They are also found in portable cooling devices, such as small refrigerators and wine coolers, as well as in specialized electronics for temperature control. The development of more efficient thermoelectric materials continues to be an active area of research, aiming to improve their suitability for a wider range of energy harvesting and cooling applications.