Temporomandibulärleden

The temporomandibular joint, often abbreviated as TMJ, is a complex hinge and gliding synovial joint that connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone of the skull. It is one of the most frequently used joints in the body, playing a crucial role in essential functions such as chewing, speaking, and yawning. The TMJ is comprised of several key components, including the mandibular condyle, the temporal bone's articular fossa and articular eminence, and an articular disc that separates these bony surfaces. This disc acts as a shock absorber and helps to ensure smooth movement between the bones.

The TMJ allows for a range of movements, including depression and elevation of the jaw (opening and closing the mouth), protrusion and retrusion (moving the jaw forward and backward), and lateral excursion (side-to-side movement). These movements are facilitated by a coordinated action of several muscles of mastication. The joint is surrounded by a capsule and supported by several ligaments that provide stability.

Dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint and the surrounding muscles is referred to as temporomandibular joint disorder, or TMD. Symptoms of TMD can include jaw pain, clicking or popping sounds during jaw movement, difficulty opening or closing the mouth, and headaches. The causes of TMD are varied and can include bruxism (teeth grinding), arthritis, trauma to the jaw, and stress. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging studies, and a review of the patient's medical history. Treatment approaches range from conservative methods like pain medication and physical therapy to more invasive options such as injections or surgery, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the disorder.