Teljességkifejez

Teljességkifejez, or "completeness expression" in English, is a concept primarily used in Hungarian linguistics and logic to describe a grammatical structure that conveys a complete thought or statement. In Hungarian, sentences often require explicit markers to indicate whether they are declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory. The teljességkifejez serves as a grammatical device to signal the completeness of a sentence, ensuring clarity and proper syntactic structure.

In Hungarian, the most common teljességkifejez is the particle *-nak/-nek*, which can function as a marker of possession, direction, or indirect object, but it also plays a role in indicating sentence completeness. For example, in the sentence *"Ez a könyv az asztalra került"* ("This book ended up on the table"), the *-ra* suffix (indicating direction) contributes to the sentence's completeness. However, the particle *-nak/-nek* is often used in questions or statements to emphasize completeness, such as *"Ez a könyv az asztalnak alá került"* ("This book ended up under the table"), where *-nak* reinforces the spatial relationship.

Another example is the use of the particle *-ra/-re* in questions, such as *"Mikor került ez a könyv az asztalra?"* ("When did this book end up on the table?"), where *-ra* ensures the sentence is grammatically complete. The absence of such markers can result in incomplete or ambiguous phrasing.

Teljességkifejez is particularly relevant in Hungarian grammar because the language often relies on suffixes and particles to convey meaning rather than word order. These markers help distinguish between different sentence types and ensure proper interpretation. While the term is not widely recognized outside Hungarian linguistics, it highlights the importance of grammatical completeness in sentence construction.