Tekstidataa

Tekstidataa, or text data, is data consisting mainly of natural language text. It may include plain text alone or text paired with metadata such as language, author, date, and provenance. In fields such as natural language processing, information retrieval, and text mining, tekstidataa is used to train models, evaluate systems, and extract information. It covers a wide range of genres, languages and domains, from literature and news to social media and transcripts.

Formats and representations vary. Common formats include plain text (TXT), structured containers such as JSON or CSV with text fields, and marked-up text such as XML, HTML, or TEI. Text data may also appear in corpora with linguistic annotations (part-of-speech tags, lemmas, syntactic trees) or as raw, unannotated text. Encoding is typically UTF-8 to support multilingual content.

Processing and applications encompass a standard pipeline of cleaning and normalization, tokenization, language identification, and handling of punctuation, casing, and diacritics. Downstream tasks span language modeling, machine translation, sentiment analysis, information extraction, question answering, summarization, and search. Data provenance and licensing determine how tekstidataa may be used, redistributed, or built upon.

Challenges and governance involve data quality and bias, noise, multilingual and code-switching text, privacy concerns, and copyright restrictions. Data governance practices—documentation, lineage, versioning, and access controls—support reproducibility and responsible use. Interoperability is aided by standard formats, annotations, and metadata schemas, enabling researchers and developers to share and combine tekstidataa effectively.