Taugamótfrumur

Taugamótfrumur, also known as neurons, are the fundamental units of the nervous system. They are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body in the form of electrochemical signals. These signals allow for communication between different parts of the brain and between the brain and the rest of the body. A typical neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Dendrites are branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons, while the axon is a long projection that transmits signals to other neurons or effector cells, such as muscles or glands.

The communication between neurons occurs at specialized junctions called synapses. At a synapse, an electrical signal arriving at the axon terminal of one neuron triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters then diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, initiating a new electrical signal. This process allows for complex networks of communication that underpin all nervous system functions, including thought, movement, sensation, and emotion. Taugamótfrumur vary in size and structure depending on their specific role and location within the nervous system.