Talajvízmozgás

Talajvízmozgás refers to the movement of groundwater within the unsaturated and saturated zones of the Earth's subsurface. This movement is primarily driven by gravity and pressure gradients. Water infiltrates the soil from precipitation, irrigation, or surface water bodies, percolating downwards through pore spaces and fractures.

In the unsaturated zone, water moves through a complex network of pores, with capillary forces playing a significant role, especially in finer-textured soils. As water moves deeper, it eventually reaches the water table, the upper surface of the saturated zone where all pore spaces are filled with water.

Within the saturated zone, groundwater flows from areas of higher hydraulic head to areas of lower hydraulic head. This head is influenced by the elevation of the water table and the pressure exerted by the water. The rate and direction of groundwater flow are influenced by the permeability and porosity of the soil or rock formations, as well as the overall topography of the land. Permeable materials like sand and gravel allow for faster movement, while impermeable layers such as clay can significantly impede or redirect flow. Understanding talajvízmozgás is crucial for managing water resources, predicting contaminant transport, and designing engineering structures.