Taajuusvakaus

Taajuusvakaus, also known as frequency modulation (FM), is a method of encoding information in a carrier wave by varying its frequency. This technique is widely used in various communication systems, including radio broadcasting, television, and wireless networks. The primary advantage of FM over amplitude modulation (AM) is its improved resistance to noise and interference, which results in clearer audio and video signals.

In FM, the frequency of the carrier wave is modulated in proportion to the amplitude of the input signal. This means that the frequency of the carrier wave increases or decreases in response to the variations in the input signal. The degree of frequency deviation is determined by the modulation index, which is the ratio of the peak frequency deviation to the maximum frequency of the modulating signal.

One of the key benefits of FM is its ability to maintain a constant signal strength, regardless of the distance from the transmitter. This is because the power of the signal is distributed over a wider frequency range, making it less susceptible to fading and interference. Additionally, FM signals can be received over a larger area than AM signals, which is particularly useful in mobile communications.

However, FM also has some limitations. It requires a wider bandwidth than AM, which can be a disadvantage in systems with limited spectrum availability. Furthermore, FM signals are more susceptible to multipath interference, where the signal reflects off objects and arrives at the receiver from multiple paths, causing distortion.

Despite these limitations, FM remains a popular choice for many communication applications due to its robustness and ability to deliver high-quality audio and video signals. Its widespread use in radio broadcasting, television, and wireless networks underscores its importance in modern communication systems.